The 7 best towns you can reach by train that are worth a night in Sicilia

Taormina

Why visit Taormina

The town sits at 204 meters on the rock above the coast, on the Ionian shore halfway between Messina and Catania. The Siculi welcomed the survivors of the Greek colony of Naxos in 358 BC after Dionysius of Syracuse destroyed it, and Andromachus refounded them as Tauromenium on the height above.

Augustus later made it a Roman colony, deporting much of the population and resettling it with Roman families. The centro sits below the fortress and above the sea: the Arab-Norman stronghold occupies the rock at 397 meters, while further up the hillside the frazione of Castelmola hangs at 884, both looking down on the same stretch of coast the theatre faces.

The small island reserve lies at the opposite end of that vertical arrangement, at sea level below the cliff, reached by cable car or path from the town above. A place built in tiers, from the beach at the base to the fortress on the rock to the village above that, all of it oriented toward the same view of the volcano and the water that made a nineteenth-century travel writer's description enough to start a tourist route still followed today.

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What to see in Taormina

• Teatro Antico. The stone rows face south, so the audience looks past the stage wall to Etna rather than toward it. 109 meters in diameter, the remodelling under Roman rule widened the space for spectacle beyond Greek drama.
• Palazzo Corvaja. Fourteenth-century Sicilian-Gothic palace at the entrance to Corso Umberto, on the site of the Roman forum and the Arab cube of the citadel.
• Castello di Monte Tauro. Arab-Norman fortress at 397 meters on the rock above the centro, reached on foot from Via Circonvallazione.

How to get to Taormina

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Catania is roughly 45 minutes away by road.

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Cefalù

Why visit Cefalù

Cefalù sits 70 kilometers east of Palermo where the Madonie meet the Tyrrhenian, the old town built on a strip of land between the sea and the headland that gave the place its name. The Greeks called it Kephaloidion in the fourth century BC.

Roger II refounded the town at the foot of the rock in 1131 and began the cathedral the same year; tradition holds he vowed to build it after surviving a storm offshore. Its mosaics were executed by masters he brought from Constantinople.

The old town keeps the cathedral, the museum, and the working port within the same short walk, the stone lanes running straight down from the Duomo's square to the sea and the lavatoio fed by its own spring along the way. The beach runs below on one side, the rock rises behind on the other, and the harbor still works at the foot of it.

A small coastal town, built once by the Greeks and refounded by a Norman king against the same rock, still reads as one place rather than several eras stacked on top of each other.

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What to see in Cefalù

• Duomo di Cefalù. Twin-towered cathedral built by Roger II, its west front facing a narrow square hemmed by the old town. Inside, the mosaic apse is reached down a nave still laid out to Norman proportions, the Arab-Norman UNESCO listing covering both the fabric and the decoration.
• La Rocca. The trail switchbacks up bare limestone above the roofs, past the megalithic sanctuary walls before reaching the castle ruins, where the town, the harbor, and the coastline in both directions open out below.
• Museo Mandralisca. Private nineteenth-century collection in an eighteenth-century palazzo, holding the Portrait of an Unknown Sailor and Greek vases from Lipari.

How to get to Cefalù

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Palermo is roughly 63 minutes away by road.

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Noto

Why visit Noto

Noto stands at 152 meters on a Hyblean foothill ten kilometers inland from the Ionian. The medieval town of Netum, on Monte Alveria eight kilometers north, was abandoned after the 1693 earthquake and rebuilt down the slope as Noto Nuova on a single orthogonal grid, the plan that anchors the Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto inscribed by UNESCO in 2002.

The cathedral sits at the top of its stairs on Piazza Municipio, facing the civic cluster of Palazzo Ducezio across the square. Behind it, the ground rises again into Via Nicolaci, defined by the palace built in 1731 and covered each May, since the early 1980s, in petal mosaics for three days.

Further along Corso Vittorio Emanuele the Jesuit church adds its own bell tower and a view back over the rooftops. Fifteen kilometers south the coast turns to salt marsh and reserve, a different register of the same limestone country.

The local stone itself, a soft tufaceous limestone, turns gold in late light, which is the thread running under the grid, the staircases and the carved balconies alike: a single rebuilding, in a single material, read at every scale from a town plan down to a corbel.

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What to see in Noto

• Cattedrale di San Nicolò. The staircase it commands is wide enough to hold the whole width of Piazza Municipio in front of it, so the facade reads as the square's far wall as much as a building in its own right.
• Palazzo Nicolaci di Villadorata. The balconies along the street are carried on carved corbels of grotesques and animals, stone figures that project out over the passersby below.
• Piazza Municipio and Palazzo Ducezio. Civic square facing the cathedral, with Palazzo Ducezio, the eighteenth-century town hall designed by Vincenzo Sinatra after the rebuild.

How to get to Noto

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Siracusa is roughly 42 minutes away by road.

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Ragusa

Why visit Ragusa

The town sits on a Hyblean plateau at 502 meters, sixty kilometers southwest of Siracusa, on a ridge cut by two deep ravines. The 1693 earthquake killed five thousand of its eleven thousand residents and erased the medieval town that stood there.

What followed split the place in two. One faction rebuilt on the old site and kept the ancient name attached to the lower town; the other built a new orthogonal grid on the higher ridge to the west and became Ragusa Superiore.

The Valle dei Ponti separates them, crossed by four bridges, and both halves were inscribed together in 2002 as part of the Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto. The two cathedrals face each other across the divide, one anchoring each half, evidence that the split was never resolved so much as built into stone twice over.

What the earthquake broke, the rebuilding fixed into a permanent argument between two street plans on the same ridge: one curled and medieval in outline, the other laid out square.

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What to see in Ragusa

• Duomo di San Giorgio. Built 1739-1775, three-tier convex façade above a wide staircase that formed the opening shot of the Montalbano titles.
• Cattedrale di San Giovanni Battista. Eighteenth-century Baroque cathedral on the principal piazza of Ragusa Superiore, balancing the other cathedral across the ravine.
• Valle dei Ponti. Deep ravine separating the two halves of the town, crossed by four bridges including the eighteenth-century Ponte dei Cappuccini and the modern Ponte Nuovo.

How to get to Ragusa

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Siracusa is roughly 90 minutes away by road.

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Marsala

Why visit Marsala

Marsala sits on the westernmost point of Sicily, at sea level on the strait facing Tunisia. The Phoenicians of Mozia, on the small island just off the Stagnone lagoon to the north, founded Lilibeo on the mainland after Dionysius of Syracuse razed Mozia in 397 BC; the modern city sits on that ground.

The Arabs renamed it Marsa Ali or Marsa Allah, the harbor of God, in the ninth century. On 11 May 1860 Giuseppe Garibaldi landed at the port with the Mille and began the campaign that ended the Bourbon kingdom.

Large-scale wine production began in 1773 when the English trader John Woodhouse added grape spirit to local wines to keep them through the sea voyage to England, and the fortified Marsala became a global product. The historic cellars (Florio, Pellegrino, Rallo, Donnafugata) still operate in the city.

The Saline della Laguna and the Stagnone, with Mozia at its center, lie a few kilometers north along a low coastal road of windmills and salt mounds.

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What to see in Marsala

• Parco archeologico di Lilibeo. Phoenician-Punic and Roman site at Capo Boeo on the western tip of the city, with the Baglio Anselmi museum and the third-century BC Punic warship.
• Riserva dello Stagnone e Mozia. Two-thousand-hectare coastal lagoon with the island of Mozia at its center, holding the Phoenician walls and the Kothon harbor basin.
• Saline della Laguna. Working salt pans along the Stagnone with Dutch-style windmills and pyramidal salt mounds, in production since Phoenician times.

How to get to Marsala

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Palermo is roughly 111 minutes away by road.

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Siracusa

Why visit Siracusa

The city was founded in 734 BC by Corinthian Greeks and became the most populous Greek city in the Mediterranean under the tyrant Dionysius I in the 4th century BC. The historic centre sits on Ortigia, the small island linked to the mainland by three bridges, where the Cathedral of Santa Maria delle Colonne, the freshwater spring, and the Piazza Duomo's late-Baroque palazzi, rebuilt after 1693, all stand on the same ground the Greeks first built on.

Across on the mainland, the Parco Archeologico della Neapolis preserves the theatre, the limestone cave, a Roman amphitheatre, and the Ara di Ierone sacrificial altar, so the ancient city reads as two halves: an island core wrapped by the sea and a mainland quarry and theatre district set into the hillside behind it. The Necropolis of Pantalica lies inland from both, joined to the city on the same UNESCO listing, and the city was later named a candidate for European Capital of Culture in 2019.

What Cicero praised as the greatest and most beautiful of Greek cities was in effect two settlements working as one, the island for living and worship, the mainland for spectacle and quarrying, a division still legible in how the ruins are separated by water and distance today.

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What to see in Siracusa

• Ortigia + Duomo (Tempio di Atena). Island historic centre with the cathedral built directly into a 5th-c. BC Doric temple of Athena, the original columns visible in the walls. Honey-coloured Baroque palazzi on Greek foundations.
• Teatro Greco (Parco della Neapolis). 5th-century BC Greek theatre carved into the limestone hillside, still in use every summer for the INDA classical drama festival. The largest surviving Greek theatre in Sicily.
• Fonte Aretusa. Freshwater spring at the western tip of Ortigia, the mythological setting of Arethusa's transformation. Pools at the seafront with papyrus growing, the only papyrus colony on European soil.

How to get to Siracusa

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Siracusa is roughly 0 minutes away by road.

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Catania

Why visit Catania

Catania is Sicily's second-largest city and the capital of the Ionian coast: 300,000 residents at the foot of Etna, with the volcano visible from every street that opens north. The current city is the third built on the same site — Greek Katánē (729 BC), Roman Catina, and the medieval town all in turn — and the version visible today was built almost entirely in the half-century after the 1693 Val di Noto earthquake destroyed 75% of the buildings and killed two-thirds of the population.

The reconstruction was led by Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, who gave Catania its distinctive late-Baroque profile: wide regular streets paved with lava basalt, palazzi faced in the same black stone with white limestone trim, and the Piazza del Duomo at the centre with Vaccarini's 1735 elephant fountain (U Liotru, a Roman-era basalt elephant supporting an Egyptian obelisk) as the city's symbol. The historic centre was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2002 as one of the Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto.

Beyond the Baroque: Bellini was born here, the Roman amphitheatre is the second-largest in Sicily, the Pescheria fish market runs every weekday morning, and the Etna cable car from Rifugio Sapienza is reachable in an hour for the high-altitude lava fields.

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What to see in Catania

• Piazza del Duomo + U Liotru. Vaccarini's 1735 elephant fountain in the central square — a Roman basalt elephant supporting an Egyptian obelisk. The cathedral of Sant'Agata anchors the south side. Both rebuilt post-1693 in lava-and-limestone Baroque.
• Via dei Crociferi. Pedestrian Baroque street with four churches in 200 metres — the densest stretch of post-1693 reconstruction. UNESCO World Heritage protected.
• Etna. Europe's largest active volcano (3,357 m), an hour from the city by cable car + jeep from Rifugio Sapienza. UNESCO World Heritage in its own right since 2013.

How to get to Catania

There is a railway station in the town, so you can arrive without a car and never need one while you are here. Catania is roughly 14 minutes away by road.

Everything we know about Catania